Study on clinical efficacy of a 3D model based on crown-root integration in clear aligners / 口腔医学

Objective@#To evaluate the clinical effect of clear aligners in the anterior region in non-extraction cases by establishing a three-dimensional model of crown-root fusion to guide clinical application.@*Methods@#Eleven patients visiting the orthodontic department of Xuzhou Stomatological Hospital from December 2020 to December 2021 were collected, and the orthodontic plan was designed using Maestro 3D Dental Studio scheduling software to obtain the expected three-dimensional model of the patient's orthodontic treatment result. CBCT, intraoral scan, and 3D reconstruction software were used to create a postoperative model of the patient. The crown and root data were aligned in Geomagic Studio 2014, and differences in torque and axial inclination between the actual model after treatment and the predicted model of the anterior teeth before treatment were compared in 3-matic.@*Results@#The actual torque angles of the anterior teeth were all smaller than the predicted angles before treatment, with the highest realization rate of 77.55% for lateral incisors and the lowest of 60.70% for central incisors; the actual axial inclination angles of the anterior teeth were also smaller than the predicted angles before treatment, with the highest realization rate of 81.49% for central incisors and the lowest of 74.95% for cuspids. @*Conclusion@# A digital model of crown-root integration based on a combination of 3D reconstruction and intraoral scanning techniques is advantageous in assessing the efficacy of clear aligners. In non-extraction cases with clear aligner, the efficiency of movement is higher for small areas of the anterior region.

Pharmacokinetics and distribution of 5-Fu magnetic albumin deuto-microsphere in normal and tumor-bearing mice / 药学学报

To observe the pharmacokinetic and tissue-distribution characters of 5-flourouracil magnetic albumin deuto-microsphere (5-Fu-MAD) in normal and tumor-bearing mice, HPLC method for the determination of 5-Fu in plasma and tissues was established and applied to determine 5-Fu in mouse plasma and tissue samples. A Flame atomic absorption spectrometer was used to detect the iron concentration in mouse tissue. Plasma concentration-time curves of free 5-Fu, 5-Fu-MAD and 5-Fu-MAD plus the magnetic frame (MF) conformed to two compartment model of first order absorption and they had C(max) of 34.9, 7.95 and 5.97 mg x L(-1); T1/2 (Ke) of 22.26, 76.0 and 124.6 min, V(d) of 3.28, 30.7 and 66.1 L x kg; AUC(0-t), of 233.9, 78.3 and 50.2 mg x min x L(-1); AUC(0-infinity) of 237.2, 89.3 and 68.1 mg x min x L(-1), respectively. The distribution of 5-Fu and iron was the highest in the plenty blood perfusion organs like the liver, tumor, spleen and lung, while lower in the kidney and heart and lowest in brain and muscle. The tissue distribution of muscle and tumor increased significantly when a magnetic frame was inserted there. The pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of 5-Fu-MAD exhibited sustained-release and target characteristics.

Effects of gingko biloba extract on glutamate-induced Ca2+i changes in cultured cortical astrocytes after hypoxia/reoxygenation, H2O2 or L-glutamate injury / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To investigate glutamate-induced [Ca2+]i changes in cultured rat neonatal cortical astrocytes after hypoxia/reoxygenation, H2O2 or high concentration of L-glutamate injury. In the meantime, the effects of Gingko biloba extract (GbE) were examined.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>[Ca2+]i changes in astrocytes were monitored by laser scanning confocal microscopy with the Ca2+ sensitive fluorescent probe fluo-3.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After astrocytes were impaired by hypoxia/reoxygenation, H2O2 (50 micromol x L(-1)) or L-glutamate (0.25 mmol x L(-)), the exogenous glutamate (27 micromol x L(-1)) could not induce increase of [Ca2+]i, but decrease by (3.3 +/- 1.6)%, (81 +/- 11)% and (81 +/- 7)%, respectively. Pretreatment with GbE (10 mg x L(-1)) could not improve injured astrocytic glutamate response. But after pretreatment with GbE (100 mg x L(-1)), glutamate-induced [Ca2+]i elevation of astrocytes after hypoxia/reoxygenation, H2O2 or high concentration of L-glutamate injury were (135 +/- 98)%, (117 +/- 93)% and (89 +/- 36)%, respectively. Nimodipine (1.6 mg x L(-1)) could also reverse the abnormal response of astrocytes after different injury.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Hypoxia/reoxygenation, H2O2 and high concentration of L-glutamate impaired astrocytes' response to exogenous L-glutamate, and then bidirectional communication between astrocytes and neurons could not take place. GbE could improve the abnormal responses and maintain the normal function of astroglical network. These effects support that GbE has potential beneficial actions against brain injury.</p>

Effect of sinomenine on adjuvant arthritis and its mechanisms / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To discuss the anti-inflammatory mechanism of sinomenine on inflammatory media in joint of adjuvant arthritis rats.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Rats were randomly divided into the normal group and the model group, the prednisone group, the small, medium, large of sinomenine group (30, 60, 120 mg x kg(-1)). Except for the rats in the normal group, animals were modeled to adjuvant arthritiswith freund's complete adjuvant. The arthritis index (AI) and the swelling degree of paws were recorded, and the activity of IL-1, TNF and the levels of NO, PGE2 in joint fluids of secondary arthritis were determined.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Compared with the normal group, the activity of IL-1, TNF and the levels of NO, PGE2 in joint fluids of secondary arthritis were increased significantly in the model group (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, it was shown to exert a dramatic inhibitory effect on secondary reaction of freund's adjuvant arthritis of rats, and the activity of IL-1, TNF and the levels of NO, PGE2 in joint fluids of secondary arthritis were significantly decreased in the sinomenine group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Sinomenine has a remarkable treatment effect on RA. It is via NO to inhibit the activity of cytokines and decrease the level of inflammation mediators, which may be one of its curing RA mechanism.</p>

Effects of ginkgolides on gene expression of hepatic cytochrome P-450 in rats / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of ginkgolides on gene expression of hepatic cytochrome P-450 in rats.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Sprague-Dawley rats were administered ginkgolides (100 mg x kg(-1) body weight) through oral gavage once daily for four consecutive days. The level of gene expression in liver tissues was analyzed by competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (competitive RT-PCR).</p><p><b>RESULT</b>A single and prospective band of CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2B1/B2, CYP2C11, CYP2E1, CYP4A1 and cyclophilin was observed after polymerase chain reaction (PCR) when the reactive system of reverse transcription (RT) had no target RNA, which confirmed the competitor had a specific capacity to bind to the CYP or cyclophilin primer. CYP1A1 mRNA was not dectectable in the livers of untreated control rats and ginkgolides-treated rats. The levels of CYP2C11 and CYP2E1 were not changed by ginkgolides treatment. In contrast, the levels of gene expression for CYP1A2 and CYP2B1/B2 were decreased, however, the levels of gene expression for CYP3A1 and CYP4A1 in ginkgolides group were distinctly increased compared with the control.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A specific effect of ginkgolides on cytochrome P-450 gene expression was observed in this investigation. Ginkgolides had various effects on different cytochrome P-450 isoforms.</p>

Protective effect of procyanidins from the seedpod of the lotus on myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury in rat / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To study the protective effect of procyanidins from the seedpod of the lotus (LSPC) on myocardial ischemia and reperfusion in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Myocardial injury model was made by ligating the coronary artery for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 45 min in anesthetized rat and 30 min of ischemia followed by 30 min of reperfusion in the isolated rat heart. All animals were given the medicine or normal saline before the experiment. ET, Ang I, Ang II in the serum, the MDA content, SOD activity, NO level, the recovery rate of coronary flow (CF) and heart rate (HR) after reperfusion and CK, XO from the myocardial cells were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>LSPC was shown to inhibit the release of ET, Ang II (P < 0.05) , and the increase of MDA content (P < 0.05). It was also found to increase the SOD activity (P < 0.05) and NO level (P < 0.01). LSPC was found to increase the recovery rate of the coronary flow (CF) and heart rate (HR) after reperfusion (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), decrease the release of CK from the myocardial cells (P < 0.01), depress the XO activity of myocardial tissue (P < 0.05), as well as improve the myocyte ultrastructural pathological injury.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The anti-ischemia effect of LSPC was related to the mechanism of scavenging the oxygen free radicals directly, cutting off the source of free radicals, reducing tissue peroxidation, stabilizing the cells membrane, depressing the production of EDCF and increasing the NO level as well.</p>

Protective effects of sodium beta-aescin on ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat brain / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To investigate the protective effects of sodium beta-aescin on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Rats were pretreated with sodium beta-aesein for 7 d and then subjected to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury induced by a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The neurological outcome was evaluated by the Longa's method; The infarct volume was assessed by hemmatoxylin-Eosin staining and the cerebral water content was measured by dry weight method. The activities of SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, Na+ -K+ -ATPase and the MDA content were measured in the cortex and hippocampus of ischemic and non-ischemic hemisphere.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Sodium beta-aescin significantly reduced the volume of cerebral infarct and water content, and ameliorated the neurological deficit (P < 0.05). In vehicle-treated rats, the activities of SOD, GSH-Px and Na+ -K+ -ATPase in the cortex and hippocampus of ischemic hemisphere were all decreased (P < 0.01) , while the CAT activity was slightly elevated and the MDA of content was significantly increased (P < 0.01) compared with the sham-operated group. After treated with sodium beta-aescin, the effects on recovery of SOD, GSH-Px, Na+ -K+ -ATPase activities were observed (P < 0.05), and the MDA content was reduced (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>These results showed that pretreatment with sodium beta-aescin can attenuate brain injury and its antioxidant activity on rats which encountered cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.</p>

Study on the knowledge and attitude to adverse drug reactions reporting among healthcare professionals in Wuhan city / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the knowledge and attitudes of healthcare professionals (doctors, nurses and administrators) to adverse drug reactions (ADR) in Wuhan city and to identify the reasons for under-reporting.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Structured interviews were carried out in Wuhan, Hubei province. Questionnaire survey to approximately 15% of the medical practitioners selected from 16 hospitals, was conducted during the period from February to March 2003.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Only 2.7% of the interviewees knew the definition of adverse drug reactions. 61.7% of the doctors, 62.7% of the nurses and 61.1% of the administrators had ever encountered an ADR during their practices, but did not report to the national monitoring center or other centers. The major reasons for not reporting included: ignorant about the requirement and the reporting process of ADR (71.4%); address of the reporting agency and Forms unavailable (67.9%, 60.4%); unaware of the existence of a national ADR reporting system (52.2%); needless to report as the ADR being too well known (44.1%). They mainly reported an ADR to the hospital pharmacy or other departments, or to the pharmaceutical administration. Education, training and developing new institutions were ways to improve the reporting system.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Our results showed that healthcare professionals had little knowledge on the basic ADR knowledge. The main reasons for underreporting were related to factors on reporting process, address of related centers and unavailable of the Forms. Education and training to doctors and nurses to enhance the awareness of administrators were the ways to improve the reporting system.</p>

Awareness and attitudes of healthcare professionals in Wuhan, China to the reporting of adverse drug reactions / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>A voluntary procedure for reporting adverse drug reactions (ADRs) was formally put in place in 1989. However, only a small proportion of ADR reports are actually forwarded to the national monitoring center. To identify the reasons for underreporting, the authors investigated the awareness and attitudes of healthcare professionals (doctors, nurses, and administrators) toward the ADR system in China. In addition, the authors sought to formulate approaches to improve the current ADR reporting system.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Structured interviews were carried out in 16 hospitals selected from 27 municipal hospitals in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. A questionnaire survey of a stratified random sample of approximately 15% of healthcare professionals in each selected hospital was conducted during February to March 2003.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The response rate of this survey was 85%. One thousand six hundred and fifty-three questionnaires were used in the final analysis. Only 2.7% of the healthcare professionals had a correct understanding to the definition of ADR. Eighty-nine point two percent of the healthcare professionals had encountered ADRs. Ninety-four percent of them were aware of the need to report these to the ADR monitoring center. However, only 28.5% of doctors, 22.8% of nurses, and 29.7% of administrators actually submitted a report. For the most part, they reported ADRs to the hospital pharmacy (66.0%), to other departments in the hospital (72.5%), and to the pharmaceutical industry (23.0%), rather than to the national monitoring center (2.9%) or regional monitoring center (9.5%). Severe or rare ADRs and ADRs to new products were generally perceived to be significant enough to report. Sixty-two point one percent of the healthcare professionals had encountered ADRs, yet not reported them to anybody. The major reasons for not reporting included no knowledge of the reporting procedure (71.4%), unavailability of the reporting center mailing address (67.9%), unavailability of the ADR report form (60.4%), lack of knowledge of the existence of a national ADR reporting system (52.2%), and belief that the ADR in question was already well known (44.1%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Healthcare professionals in Wuhan, China have little basic knowledge of ADR and of the voluntary reporting system. The main reasons for underreporting were lack of basic knowledge about ADRs and the voluntary reporting procedure. Education and training of healthcare professionals is needed to improve the current ADR reporting system.</p>

Re-evaluation of marketed chemical drugs and biological products of therapeutic - a systematic review of literature / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the current status on re-evaluation of marketed drug in China since the promulgation of drug law in 1985.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Review of literature on Chinese pharmaceutical abstract and CBMdisc from 1985 to 2001 year was done.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>4029 papers and 855 marketed drugs from 1985 to 2001 were included. Drugs on anti-infection agent, cardiovascular system and digestive system were the main drugs being re-evaluated, with the proportions of 27.1%, 20.1% and 11.1% respectively. The amounts of both marketed drugs and literature were increasing year by year. The method used for re-evaluation were random and non-random clinical trial. 41.4% of all the samples had a sample size of 50 - 100 research subjects. There were 13 papers with more than 5000 samples. The level on evidence based literature was assessed. 44 papers were graded as first class, and 182 papers the second, 2466 papers the third and 1337 papers the fourth. The quality of literature was improved year by year.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The amount, quality as well as the sample size of literature being re-evaluated on marketed drug were increased from 1985 to 2001. However, the design and evaluation of those trials were not standardized.</p>

Study on pharmacokinetics of scutellarin in rabbits / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To establish a solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatographic (SPE-HPLC) method for determining plasma scutellarin concentration, and study its pharmacokinetics after i.v. breviscapine in rabbits.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Methanol-water-phosphoric acid (50:50:0.5) mixture was used as mobile phase, Nucleosil C18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm ID) was selected. The wavelength of UV detection was 335 nm. Fifteen rabbits, randomized into 3 groups, were given breviscapine i.v. at the dose of 10, 20 and 40 mg.kg-1. Scutellarin in plasma was determined by SPE-HPLC method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Linearity was obtained over the range of 0.02-10.0 mg.L-1 of scutellarin. The method recovery was 96.15%-99.31%; the within-day and between-day RSDs were all below 10%. After i.v. 10, 20 and 40 mg.kg-1 of breviscapine to rabbits, the concentration-time curve of scutellarin fitted to a three compartment model. The main pharmacokinetic parameters showed no significant difference between low and medium doses, but the difference was significant between high dose and other doses.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This assay method was accurate, sensitive, simple and suitable for the measurement of plasma scutellarin concentration. The pharmacokinetic characteristics were found to fit a three-compartment model following i.v. injection of breviscapine to rabbits. The changes of drug concentration in vivo exhibited linear kinetics ove the dosage range of 10-20 mg.kg-1, but when the dosage was 40 mg.kg-1, the linear kinetic properties disappeared.</p>

Effects of the active components of some Chinese herbs on drug metabolizing-enzymes / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To review the effects of the active components of Chinese herbs on drug metabolizing-enzymes.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Relevant research papers reported in recent years were consulted and studied.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The drug metabolizing-enzymes cytochrome P450 and UDP-glucuronosyl transferase and glutathione S-transferase were inhibited or induced by the flavonoids, furocoumarins, and the active components extracted from salvia miltiorrhiza and hypericum perforatum, and so on, which therefore slowed or sped metabolism of other drugs in vivo and in vitro.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Much attention should be paid to the metabolic interaction of the Chinese herbs when coadministered with other drugs.</p>

Pharmacokinetics of dauricine in dogs / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

K21. The mean t1/2(?) was (2.7?0.4) h, Vd was about 11.18 L?kg-1.The C-T profile conformed to two compartment open model. The plasma Dau concentration-time curves showed a double-peak phenomenon in all dosages of all dogswhen dauricine was given by intragastric was.The tpeak(1) was (0.8?0.6) ～(1.2?0.5) h,tpeak(2) was (5.2?3.2) ～(6.5?1.9)h,Cmax(2) 0.05) and the AUC was increased in proportion.The drug is eliminated non-linearly when the dosage is above 50 mg?kg-1, the parameters t1/2(el),CL, AUC/X0 shows great difference (P

Pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of domestic ibudilast sustained release capsules in healthy volunteers / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

Aim The relative bioavailability of domestic ibudilast sustained release capsules in healthy volunteers was observed.Methods A single oral dose of 20 mg of imported and domestic ibudilast sustained release capsules and 10 mg of ibudilast raw material was separately given to 12 healthy volunteers in a randomized crossover study. Ibudilast concentration in plasma was determined by HPLC method.Results The Cmax were (54.9?9.7),(60.7?9.1) and (62.2?11.5) ?g?L-1; the tmax were (3.8?0.8),(3.9?0.8) and (1.8?0.3) h;the t1/2(ke) were (1.5?1.4),(12.1?1.0) and (3.5?0.5) h,and the AUC(0～t) were (618.1?57.7),(588.1?66.6) and (233.0?46.4) ?g?h?L-1 in imported capsule group, domestic capsule group and raw material group respectively. The relative bioavailability of domestic sustained release capsules of ibudilast is (95.6?11.0)%. Conclusion The results of statistical analysis demonstrate that the imported and domestic sustained capsules have significant character of significantly sustained release and are bioequivalent.